VOIGTLÄNDER HELIAR (Symmetric) f/4

US 716,035 — Harting / Voigtländer & Sohn AG (1902)

5 ELEMENTS / 3 GROUPS
f = 100 (normalized)
F/4.0
2ω ≈ 43.6°
ALL SPHERICAL

Focus Mechanism

Unit focus — entire lens moves via bellows extension or helicoid. Air gaps between groups remain constant. Patent does not specify close focus; 1.0 m assumed for a 100 mm focal length interpretation.

Optical Elements (5)

ElementTypeGlass
LaNegative MeniscusLight Flint (LF, probable discontinued Schott type)
LbBiconvex PositiveDense Crown (SK, high-confidence match: Schott N-SK2, Δnd = 0.0006)
LcBiconcave NegativeLight Flint (LF, same glass as elements a/a′)
Lb'Biconvex PositiveDense Crown (SK, Schott N-SK2)
La'Negative MeniscusLight Flint (LF, same glass as elements a/c)

Analysis

Detailed analysis available in the interactive viewer above.